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Epidemiology of nosocomial infections and antibiotic resistance of pathogens in patients of the anesthesiology and intensive care unit of the Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital, Stavropol

[Clinical Pharmacology]
Jury Bykov; Alexandr Obedin; Andrey Anatolyevich Puchkov;

The aim of the study was to assess the spectrum of pathogens of nosocomial infections and their antibiotic resistance, as well as risk factors for multidrug-resistant infections in patients of the Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit of the Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital, Stavropol. A single-center retrospective observational study included 100 children treated in the unit in 2023–2025. Diagnoses, invasive procedures, results of microbiological cultures, and antimicrobial susceptibility were analyzed. Klebsiella pneumoniae (39.0 %) and Acinetobacter baumannii (26.0 %) predominated, while Candida spp. (17.0 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens (9.0 % each) were detected less frequently. Acinetobacter baumannii was more often identified in patients with hospital stay >14 days (p=0.031; OR=4.67) and in those on mechanical ventilation (p=0.045; OR=5.67), whereas tracheostomy was associated with Klebsiella pneumoniae (p=0.048; OR=2.94). Most isolates remained susceptible only to reserve drugs (tigecycline, polymyxin, fosfomycin). The findings showed that in pediatric intensive care patients, nosocomial infections are mainly associated with Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter
baumannii, which retain susceptibility only to reserve agents. This highlights the importance of early consideration of these pathogens in empirical therapy and the development of local antimicrobial surveillance schemes.

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Keywords: antibiotic resistance, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, multidrug resistance, children, anesthesiology and intensive care


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