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https://doi.org/10.14300/mnnc.2025.20056

Cytotoxicity and biocompatibility study of titanium and its alloy coatings for implant surgery, based on mesenchymal stem cell culture in vitro

[Experimental medicine]
Alexander Dolgalev; Nikolay Didenko; Nikolay Nikolaevich Koval; Yuri Fedorovich Ivanov; Maxim Sergeevich Vorobyov; Alesya Khripunova; Himalay Kazbekovich Gezuev; Sofya Romanovna Adeshelidze;

The study investigated coatings employed for surgical implants made from titanium alloys (BT6, TiNb, TiNbO, TiNbZrTa, TiNbZrTaO) focusing on the cytotoxicity rates and in vitro biocompatibility while using mesenchymal stem cells. BT6 and TiNbZrTaO samples showed significant cytotoxicity (31.45±2.27 % and 26.71±0.89 % respectively, p<0.001). TiNb, TiNbO, and TiNbZrTa samples exhibited significantly lower cytotoxicity. The biocompatibility rates revealed a significant increase in the proliferative activity for cells cultured on TiNb and TiNbZrTa samples (125.26±6.12 % and 112.42±3.37 % respectively, p<0.05). Coatings containing oxygen showed minimal differences in proliferative activity compared to the control, which is indicative of their low biocompatibility. Given the results, the study identified promising coatings for further use in surgical implants.

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Keywords: titanium, titanium alloys, biocompatibility, cellular toxicity, proliferative activity, implantation materials