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https://doi.org/10.14300/mnnc.2025.20036

Morphologic evaluation of rat brain in experimental diabetes mellitus and its pharmacological correction with regard to NF-κB expression

[Experimental medicine]
Alexey Vladimirovich Smirnov; Ivan Nikolaevich Tyurenkov; Pustynnikov Vladislav Eduardovich;  Dzhukeeva Ayslu Ilnurovna; Julia Ivanovna Velikorodnaya; Dmitry Aleksandrovich Bakulin; Pokhlebin Alexander Andreyevich; Bolokhov Nikita Sergeyevich;

The study focused on studying morphological alterations and kappa-B (NF-κB) nuclear factor expression patterns in the somatosensory cortex, hippocampus, and brain hypothalamus in experimental Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), as well as its pharmacological correction. The research involved 19-month-old outbred rats (n=24) with a 6-month T1DM modeled in them. The findings revealed that T1DM is associated with decreased NF-κB expression in neuronal perikarya and hypothalamus neuropil, somatosensory cortex, and hippocampus, while the same indicator was increasing its nuclear translocation, which might be a potential predictor of early cognitive impairment. Pharmacological intervention with GABA derivatives (Succicard 50 mg/kg, Aminalon 1000 mg/kg for 30 days) significantly restored cytoplasmic NF-κB expression and reduced nuclear translocation, demonstrating neuroprotective efficacy. These results elucidate novel mechanisms that could help manage diabetic encephalopathy through modulation of NF-κB-dependent pathways and substantiate the therapeutic potential of GABAergic compounds in preventing cognitive dysfunction associated with T1DM.

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Keywords: diabetes mellitus, GABA, NF-κB, morphologic evaluation, brain