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Development of the Covid-2019 pandemic in Kazakhstan

[Infectious diseases]
Lyazzat Kataevna Ibraeva; Dina Khabibullayevna Rybalkina; Sergeevna Minbaeva Larisa; Kazbekovich Minbayev Seid-Akhmet; Viktorovna Bacheva Irina; Mamytkyzy Zharylgapova Akerke;

The article provides information about the anti-epidemic measures that took place in Republic of Kazakhstan (RK) related to the Coronavirus infection. An analysis of morbidity and mortality, caused by COVID-19 in RK, in comparison with numerous countries, was carried out. The materials for assessment were: regulatory documents regarding stop spreading of coronavirus infection in the RK, official epidemiological and statistical data. The analysis showed the adequacy and timeliness of the applied anti epidemic measures in the RK, which contributed to the retention of morbidity and mortality at relatively low, globally, levels. Differences in morbidity and mortality, caused by COVID-19, in various countries and regions of the RK, may have been associated with the quarantine policy measures and medical or social factors (comorbidities diseases, life expectancy, income of the population).

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References:
1. Resolution of the Deputy Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Committee for Quality Control and Safety of Goods and Services of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan, dated January 6, 2020 № 1-PGVr «On strengthening of sanitary-anti-epidemic and sanitary-prophylactic measures to prevent importation and spread of pneumonia of unknown etiology on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan». (In Russ.).
2. Order of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan, dated January 29, 2020 № 14-r «On measures to prevent the emergence and spread of coronavirus infection on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan». (In Russ.).
3. Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Committee for Quality Control and Safety of Goods and Services of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan, dated February 17, 2020 № 5-PGVr «On further strengthening actions to prevent coronavirus infection in the Republic of Kazakhstan». (In Russ.).
4. Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Republic of Kazakhstan, dated February 25, 2020 № 9-PGVr «On further strengthening actions to prevent coronavirus infection in the Republic of Kazakhstan». (In Russ.).
5. Указ Президента РК «О введении чрезвычайного положения в РК» от 15.03.2020. [Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, dated 15.03.2020 «On introduction of state of emergency in the Republic of Kazakhstan ». (In Russ.)].
6. Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Republic of Kazakhstan, dated March 16, 2020 № 25-PGVr «On measures to ensure the safety of the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan «On introduction of state of emergency in the Republic of Kazakhstan». (In Russ.).
7. Joint order of the Minister of Trade and Integration of the Republic of Kazakhstan, dated March 17, 2020 № 53-NҚ, and the Minister of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan, dated March 18, 2020 № 169 «On the approval of the Recommendations on functioning of trade objects» for the period of validity of the Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan «On introduction of state of emergency in the Republic of Kazakhstan» dated March 15, 2020 № 285». (In Russ.).
8. Azarpazhooh M. R., Morovatdar N., Avan A., Phan T., Divani A. [et al.]. COVID-19 Pandemic and Burden of Non-Communicable Diseases: An Ecological Study on Data of 185 Countries. J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis. 2020;29(9):105089. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105089
9. Hosoki K., Chakraborty A., Sur S. Molecular mechanisms and epidemiology of COVID-19 from an allergist’s perspective. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2020;146(2):285-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2020.05.033
10. Stanton R., To Q. G., Khalesi S., Williams S. L., Alley S. J. [et al.]. Depression, Anxiety and Stress during COVID-19: Associations with Changes in Physical Activity, Sleep, Tobacco and Alcohol Use in Australian Adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health. 2020;17(11):4065. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114065
11. Marois G., Muttarak R., Scherbov S. Assessing the potential impact of COVID-19 on life expectancy. PLoS One. 2020;15(9):e0238678. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238678

Keywords: COVID-19, pandemic, morbidity, mortality, risk factors


Founders:
Stavropol State Medical Academy
Pyatigorsk State Research Institute of Balneotherapeutics
Pyatigorsk State Pharmaceutical Academy