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https://doi.org/10.14300/mnnc.2026.00018

Clinical value of morphobiomechanical properties of the superficial muscular aponeurotic system in the layered architecture of facial soft tissues

[Reviews]
Valentin Sharobaro; Vladimir Nikolenko; Asya Dyusembayeva; Sofya Karpina; Liliya Gavryushova; Darya Krasnikova; Natalya Zharova; Tatyana Zharikova;

Given the advancements in reconstructive surgery, plastic surgery, and cosmetology, numerous surgical and minimally invasive interventions are performed on facial soft tissues. The architectonics of tissues across various facial regions, as well as the spatial and functional interactions of these structures – particularly regarding age-related changes and their correction – remains a specifically complex issue. The superficial muscular aponeurotic system (SMAS) is one of the most intricate facial structures, acting as a mobile framework for soft tissues. The complexity and fragmented nature of data regarding the morphology and age-related alterations of facial soft tissue components necessitate individualized planning, often complicating surgical interventions and cosmetic procedures. Given this, further research is required to augment morphological data, establish unified classifications for facial structures, and identify patterns in their spatial and layered distribution. The said data would be critical for the clinical practice of plastic and maxillofacial surgeons, oncologists, and dentists.

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Keywords: layered facial anatomy; fat compartments; facial danger zones; retaining ligaments; rhytidectomy; face lifting; neck lifting