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EBSCO

https://doi.org/10.14300/mnnc.2026.00017

Malignant transformation of pilonidal sinus walls into carcinoma: a clinical case

[Notes from practice]
Sofia Korablina;

This item presents a rare clinical case of malignancy developing in the walls of a pilonidal sinus. There are diagnostic
and treatment pathways described, starting from the patient’s admission to the hospital through to discharge for outpatient care. Histological examination of the surgical specimen served as the only reliable diagnostics method. There was positive clinical dynamics to be observed following the treatment. The clinical case described here serves proof to the possibility of transformation of a chronic inflammatory process in the pilonidal sinus (pilonidal cyst) into a malignant tumor, most
commonly squamous cell carcinoma. The findings highlight the risk of malignant degeneration in long-standing pilonidal sinuses featuring frequent inflammation and recurrences.

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References:
Safadi M. F., Dettmer M., Berger M., Degiannis K., Wilhelm D., Doll D. Demographic overview of pilonidal sinus carcinoma: updated insights into the incidence. Int. J. Colorectal Dis. 2023;38(1):56. ttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-023-04344-6
2. Safadi M. F., Degiannis K., Doll D. Pilonidal sinus disease carcinoma: Survival and recurrence analysis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2023;128(4):569-575. https://doi.org/10.1002/jso.27319
3. Seo Ch. E., Kim J., Choi H., Shin D., Lee М. Treatment of a chronic open wound related to sacrococcygeal pilonidal cyst and squamous cell carcinoma: A case report. J. Wound Manag. Res. 2023;19(1):70-75. https://doi.org/10.22467/jwmr.2022.02299
4. Dettmer M., Jongen J., Doll D. Pilonidal sinus: is histological examination necessary? – the age of patients with pilonidal carcinoma is overestimated. ANZ J. Surg. 2021;91(5):1041-1042. https://doi.org/10.1111/ans.16629
5. Couto-González I., González-Rodríguez F. J., Vila I., Brea-García B., García-Vallejo L. [et al.]. Neoplastic degeneration of chronic sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus: report of seven cases and literature review. Cir. Cir. 2022;90(3):345-352. https://doi.org/10.24875/CIRU.20001422
6. Saddouki F., Oussi F., Rhalem I., El Bouardi N., Akammar A. [et al.]. Radiology of malignant degeneration of pilonidal sinus: Report of a case and review of the literature. Radiol Case Rep. 2024;19(10):4631-4635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radcr.2024.07.060
7. Lee H., Jehan F., Gachabayov M., Alizadeh K., Bergamaschi R. Squamous cell carcinoma in untreated pilonidal cyst. Tech. Coloproctol. 2021;25(2):241-243. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10151-020-02298-3

Keywords: pilonidal sinus; gluteal-sacral-coccygeal region; squamous cell carcinoma