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https://doi.org/10.14300/mnnc.2025.20037

Basic patterns of human fetal mandible development

[Morphology]
Anastasia Neprokina; Elena Dmitrievna Lutsay; Alexandr Korobkeev; Oxana Lezhnina;

At the current stage of fetal medicine development, it is relevant to study the formation of fetal organs and systems in order to identify new markers of combined pathology. This study aimed to identify the primary patterns in the development of the human fetal mandible during the intermediate perinatal period of ontogenesis. The material for the study consisted of 110 anatomical complexes, «human fetal mandible and surrounding structures of the maxillofacial region», which were examined using both in vivo and morphological techniques during the intermediate fetal period of ontogenesis. During this period, the fetal mandible was predominantly characterized by platyramimandibular (100 %), mediomandibular (54 %), and mesomandibular (58 %) forms, as determined by morphometric indices. In fetuses of the second trimester, the mandible is formed with uneven growth across all dimensions, with a predominance of growth in the first half of the intermediate fetal period. Individual differences were observed in the localization of the mandibular and mental foramina, as well as in the vari ability of the angle of the fetal mandible. Sex differences were noted by the end of the studied period.

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Keywords: mandible, intermediate fetal period of ontogenesis, anatomy