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https://doi.org/10.14300/mnnc.2022.17108

Pathology of the enteric nervous system in Parkinson’s disease

[Reviews]
Evgeniia Pimenova; Marianna Igorevna Ruskina; Sergey Sergeevich Petrikov; Ganipa Ramazanovich Ramazanov; Olesya Bogdanovna Zavaliy;

The enteral nervous system is an autonomous system of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The common structure and mediators of the enteral and central nervous systems suggest common mechanisms of disease development. The article presents data on the state of the enteral nervous system in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). As is known, non-motor symptoms of PD, such as olfactory and gastrointestinal disorders (more often constipation), may appear several years or decades before the development of motor symptoms. Violation of intestinal peristalsis in patients with PD can be explained by damage to the nerve ganglion plexuses and glia of the intramural nervous system. An important role in the pathogenesis of PD belongs to the presynaptic abnormal protein alpha-synuclein involved in axonal transport. According to the theory of Heiko Braak, alpha synuclein inclusions (components of Levi’s bodies) arise on the periphery, including in the enteral nervous system of the gastrointestinal tract, and then spread through the vagus nerve to the structures of the midbrain. Research in this direction can help in the early diagnosis of PD.

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Keywords: arkinson disease, enteric nervous system, alpha-synuclein, non-motor symptoms of the Parkinson disease