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https://doi.org/10.14300/mnnc.2021.16053

Importance of actual nutrition in the prevention of non-infectious diseases

[Reviews]
Inna Viktorovna Zaikina; Natalia Evgenievna Komleva; Anatoly Nikolayevitch Mikerov; Andrey Anatolyevich Chekhonatsky; Elena Vyacheslavovna Chernyshkova; Sergei Karpov;

Healthy nutrition is a key factor in reducing the risk of chronic non-infectious disease development and progression. In the present review, we assessed the results of epidemiological and clinical studies reporting participants’ nutritional features including unbalanced rations, excessive caloric intake, and a lack of food intake variety, as well as differences between male and female nutrition stereotypes and deficiencies in the intake of vitamins and microelements. The interrelation between fiber intake and obesity risk, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes was confirmed. This article addresses the role of insufficient intakes of micronutrients and dietary fiber in the development of non-infectious diseases, as well as the necessity of and suggestions for their correction to prevent pathologic conditions.

The research results justify the need for further longitudinal population-based epidemiological research aimed to study the associations among clinical, medical, and social indices and assess the contribution of nutrition-related risk factors to the development of non-infectious diseases. To increase the effectiveness of prophylaxis against chronic non-infectious diseases, it is appropriate to use an integrated strategy to increase awareness among the population and professionalism among primary health care providers regarding issues of healthy nutrition. Health care professionals should use a personalized approach to develop recommendations regarding nutritional behavior, taking into account patients’ sex and age, taste preferences, presence of concomitant pathology, physical activity, and professional employment.

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Keywords: chronic non-infectious diseases, risk factors, healthy nutrition, prophylaxis, review