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https://doi.org/10.14300/mnnc.2020.15034

Orthotopic grafts of human malignant gliomas: history, technologies, achievements and problems

[Reviews]
Oleg Kit; Galina Zhukova; Alexey Maksimov; Anna Sergeevna Goncharova; Eduard Evgenievich Rostorguev; Anastasia Ivanovna Zhadobina; Ivan Aleksandrovich Popov; Elena Zlatnik;

Problems of the development of human malignant gliomas` orthotopic grafts for in vivo studies, taking into account their significance for fundamental and clinical oncology, the degree to which growth characteristics and morphogenesis correspond to the characteristics of the initial tumors are discussed. Main results of previous experimental research providing the possibilities of studying of human gliomas in animal models are highlighted. Modern technologies of human malignant glioma grafts production based on cell culture lines as well as on short-termed cell cultures derived from patients’ biopsy material are analyzed. Technical aspects of orthotopic transplatnation of human malignant gliomas to immunodeficient animals and methods of non-invasive control of their growth are characterized. Problems and perspectives of the research trend are discussed emphasizing possible application of tumor stem cells for the modeling and overcoming the limitations related to the immunodeficiency state of experimental animals.

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Keywords: human malignant gliomas, orthotopic xenotransplatnation, grafts, tumor stem cells, immunodeficient animals