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Гиповитаминоз D и остеопения недоношенных детей: факторы риска и механизмы формирования

[Обзоры]
Климов Леонид Яковлевич; Петросян Мелине Артуровна; Верисокина Наталья Евгеньевна; Курьянинова Виктория Александровна; Атанесян Роза Артуровна; Бобрышев Дмитрий Викторович; Кириенко Ольга Сергеевна; Сариева Эллина Мерабовна;

Обзор посвящен влиянию дефицита витамина D на организм детей, рождённых раньше срока. Согласно результатам многочисленных исследований, недостаточное поступление в организм плода витамина D повышает риск развития бронхолёгочной дисплазии, инфекций нижних дыхательных путей, а также неонатального сепсиса. Имеются данные, подтверждающие негативное влияние гиповитаминоза D на физическое и нервно-психическое развитие. Обсуждается один из важнейших биологических эффектов витамина D, а именно – его участие в регуляции фосфорно-кальциевого обмена и ремоделировании костной ткани. Также описаны механизмы влияния паратиреоидного гормона (ПТГ) и кальцитонина (КТ) на регуляцию фосфорно-кальциевого гомеостаза. Повышение выживаемости новорожденных с экстремально низкой массой тела и очень низкой массой тела увеличивает частоту встречаемости с таким заболеванием, как остеопения – метаболическое заболевание костей недоношенных новорождённых, характеризующееся нарушением минерализации костной ткани вследствие нехватки витамина D, кальция и фосфора. Рассматриваются причины, клинические проявления, диагностика, лечение и профилактика данного заболевания.

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Ключевые слова: витамин D, недостаточность витамина D, недоношенный новорождённый, паратиреоидный гормон, кальцитонин, остеопения недоношенных


Учредители:
Ставропольская государственная медицинская академия
Государственный научно-исследовательский институт курортологии
Пятигорская государственная фармацевтическая академия