• Main page
• About the journal
• Editorial board
• Subscription
• Information for contributors
• Editorial and Peer Review
• Issues archive
• Authors
• Articles
  • By alphabet
  • By category
• Blogs and comments

The journal is included into The list of leading scientific periodicals.

The journal is included into VINITI database and is registered in Electronic scientific library.

The journal is indexed by SCOPUS, Ulrich's International Periodicals Directory.

EBSCO

https://doi.org/10.14300/mnnc.2018.13137

Epidemic activity of modern anthropourgic plague foci and factors determining this activity (by the example of Vietnam)

[Reviews]
Alexander Sludsky; Aleksandr Kuznetsov; Aleksandr Matrosov; Andrey Boiko; Evgeny Kouklev; Mikhail Tarasov;

In XX–XXI centuries, the relative ratio of plague prevalence around the world varied by countries and continents. In the first half of the XX century large-scale epidemics spread across India, China, Africa and South-East Asia countries, where more than 1 million people were infected overall. In the second half of the XX century plague morbidity rates in the majority of the countries around the world became considerably reduced. In the territory of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, during the 3rd plague pandemic, anthropourgic plague foci were formed due to plague agent importation from China by synanthropic rats. For more than one hundred years, up to 2002, people were infected with plague in Vietnam. Morbidity rates varied from single cases up to major outbreaks. The peak of the incidence was registered during American military campaign against Vietnam (1965–1972, up to several thousand patients per year). Following the improvement of sanitary-hygienic living conditions and preventive measures (non-specific and specific plague prophylaxis), cases of human infection with plague have not been registered over the past 16 years. Nevertheless, the conditions necessary for activation and formation of anthropourgic plague foci remain. Taking into consideration high epidemic potential of these territories strengthening of epidemiological surveillance over plague across the whole territory of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is required.

Download

References:
1. Grizhebovsky G. M., Kal’noy S. M., Maletskaya O. V. Plague in the modern world. Aktual’nye Problemy Preduprezhdeniya i Likvidatsii Posledstvii Chrezvychainykh Situatsii v Oblasti Sanitarno-Epidemiologicheskogo Blagopoluchiya Naseleniya Gosudarstv-Uchastnikov SNG. Relevant Problems of Prevention and Relieving the Consequences of Emergency Situations in the Sphere of Sanitary-Epidemiological Welfare of the population of CIS Member States: Proceedings of the X Inter-State Scientific-and-Practical Conference of CIS Member-States. Stavropol, 2010. Available at: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=21795743. Accessed December 3, 2018. (In Russ.).
2. World Health Organization. Human plague: Review of regional morbidity and mortality. Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec. 2010;6:37-48. Available at: https://www.who.int/wer/2010/wer8506.pdf?ua=1. Accessed November 3, 2018.
3. Weekly epidemiological record (WER). 2016;91(8):89-104. Available at: https://www.who.int/wer/2016/ wer9108.pdf?ua=1. Accessed November 3, 2018.
4. Barbara Bramanti, Nils Chr. Stenseth, Lars Walloe, Xu Lei. Plague: A Disease Which Changed the Path of Human Civilization. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 2016;918:1-26. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-0890-4_1
5. Samia N. I., Kausrud K. L., Heesterbeek H., Ageyev V., Begon M., Chan K. S., Stenseth N. C. Dynamics of the plague-wildlife-human system in Central Asia are controlled by two epidemiological threshold. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2011:108(35):14527-14532. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1015946108
6. Butler T. Plague gives surprises in the first decade of the 21st century in the United States and worldwide. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2013;89(4):788-793. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.13-0191
7. Hashemi Shahraki A., Carniel E., Mostafavi E. Plague in Iran: its history and current status. Epidemiol. Health. 2016;38:e2016033. https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2016033
8. Grácio A. J. D. S., Grácio M. A. A. Plague: A Millenary Infectious Disease Reemerging in the XXI Century. Biomed. Res. Int. 2017;2017:5696542. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5696542
9. Cabanel N., Leclercq A., Chenal-Francisque V., Annajar B., Rajenison M., Bekkhoucha S., Bertherat E., Carniel E. Plague Outbreak in Lybya, 2009, Unrelated to Plague in Algeria. Emerg. Ifect. Dis. 2013;19(2):230-236. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1902.121031
10. Malek M. A., Bitam I., Drancourt M. Plague in Arab Maghreb, 1940-2015: A Review. Front. Public. Health. 2016;4:112. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2016.00112
11. Bertherat E. G. Plague in Madagascar: overview of the 2014-2015 epidemic season. Weekly epidemiological record. 2015;20:250-252. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/242357/1/ WER9020_250-252.PDF. Accessed November 30, 2018.
12. Tsuzuki S., Lee H., Miura F., Chan Y. H., Jung S. M., Akhmetzhanov A. R., Nishiura H. Dynamics of the pneumonic plague epidemic in Madagascar, August to October 2017. Euro Surveill. 2017;22(46):17-00710. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.46.17-00710
13. Vogler A. J., Andrianaivoarimanana V., Tteifer S., Hall C. M., Sahl J. W. [et al.]. Temporal phylogeography of Yersinia pestis in Madagascar: insight into the longterm maintainance of plague. Plos. Negl. Trop. Disease. 2017;1:27. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005887
14. Rahelinirina S., Rajerrison M., Telfer S., Savin C., Carniel E., Duplantier J. M. The Asian House shrew Suncus murinus as a reservoir and source jf human outbreaks of plaque in Madagascar. PLoS. Negl. Trop. Dis. 2017;11(11):е0006072. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006072
15. Popova A. Yu., Kutyrev V. V., Shcherbakova S. A., Ezhlova E. B., Demina Yu. V. [et al.]. Outbreak of Pneumonic Plague in 2017 on Madagascar. Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii. – Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections. 2017;4:5-14. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2017-4-5-14
16. Kiersten J. Kugeler, J. Erin Staples, Alison F. Hinckley, Kenneth L. Gage, Paul S. Epidemiology of Human Plague in United States, 1900-2012. Mead. Emering. Infections. Diseas. 2015;21(1):16-22. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2101.140564
17. Riehm J. M., Löscher T. Human plague and pneumonic plague: pathogenicity, epidemiology, clinical presentations and therapy. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2015;58(7):721-729. https://doi.org/0.1007/s00103-015-2167-9
18. Pengfei Ge, Jinxiao Xi, Jun Ding, Fachang Jin, Hong Zhang [et al.]. Primary case of human pneumonic plaque occur ring in a Himalayan marmot natural focus area Gansu Province, China. International journal of infectious deseases. 2015;33:67-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.12.044
19. Zhao S. S., Pulati Y., Yin X. P., Li W., Wang B. J., Yang K., Chen C. F., Wang Y. Z. Wildlife Plague Surveillance Near the China-Kazakhstan Border: 2012-2015. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 2017:1-4. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed. 12603
20. Li Y., Li D., Shao H., Li H., Han Y. Plague in China 2014 – All sporadic case report of pneumonic plague. BMC Infect. Dis. 2016;16:85. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-016-1403-8
21. Wei B., Xiong H., Yang X., Yang Y., Qi M. [et al.]. The epidemiology and etiology research of Tibetan sheep plague in Qinghai plateau. Zhonghau Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2015;36(3):271-274. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2015.03.017
22. Velimirovic B. Plague in South-East Asia. A brief historical summary and present geographical distribution. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1972;66(3):479-504. https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(72)90280-5
23. Butler T. Plague history: Yersin’s discovery of the causative bacterium in 1894 enabled, in the subsequent century, scientific progress in understanding the disease and the development of treatments and vaccines. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 2014;20(3):202-209. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-0691.12540
24. Suntsov V. V., Suntsova N. I., Matrosov A. N., Kuznetsov A. A., Dang Tuan Dat [et al.]. Anthropourgic Foci of Plague in Vietnam: Past and Present. Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii. – Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections. 2014;4:29-35. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2014-4-29-35
25. Khlyap L. A., Kosoi M., Popov V. P., Kosson Zh.-F., Morand S. Rats of the Rattus species as hosts of agents of natural-focal infections. Meditsinskaya Parazitologiya i Parazitarnye Bolezni. – Medical Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases. 2016;1:47-52. Available at: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=26284425 (In Russ.).
26. Sun W. Plague Vaccines: Status and Future. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 2016;918:313-360. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-0890-4_12
27. Schmid B. V., Buntgen U., Easterday W. R., Ginzler C., Walloe L., Bramanti B., Stenseth N. C. Climate-driven introduction of the Black Death and successive plague reintroductions into Europe. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2015;112(10):3020-3025. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1412887112
28. Shabbir M., Aleem M., Javed S., Wagner D. M., Keim P. S., Eqani S. A., Bokhari H. Spatial analysis and identification of high risk plague regions in Pakistan based on associated rodent species distribution. J. Infect. Dev. Ctries. 2016;10(7):687-693. https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.7091
29. Zenkevich E. S., Popov N. V. Influence of climate change on the dynamics of epidemic manifestations of plague in XX–XXI centuries. Zdorovie Naseleniya i Sreda Obitaniya. – Population Health and Environment. 2017;6:38-40. Available at: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=29389475 (In Russ.).
30. Bazanova L. P., Maramovich A. S., Nikitin A. Ya., Okunev L. P., Innokentieva T. I., Kosilko S. A., Voronova G. A. Epizootiological assessment of the possibility of plague import from Vietnam into the territory of Russia. Meditsinskaya Parazitologiya i Parazitarnye Bolezni. – Medical Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases. 2011;2:54-58. Available at: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=25906112 (In Russ.).

Keywords: plague, epidemic, morbidity rates, rodents, fleas