• Main page
• About the journal
• Editorial board
• Subscription
• Information for contributors
• Editorial and Peer Review
• Issues archive
• Authors
• Articles
  • By alphabet
  • By category
• Blogs and comments

The journal is included into The list of leading scientific periodicals.

The journal is included into VINITI database and is registered in Electronic scientific library.

The journal is indexed by SCOPUS, Ulrich's International Periodicals Directory.

EBSCO

https://doi.org/10.14300/mnnc.2016.11032

Hormones and cytokines in first-trimester pregnancies complicated by threatened abortion with different outcomes

[Obstetrios and gynecology]
Svetlana Dubrovina; Aliya Makluk; Vitaliy Gimbut; Liliya Krasilnikova;

The purpose of the present study was to examine the profile of selected hormones and cytokines in serum of women with the first-trimester pregnancies complicated by threatened abortion. Levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), placental growth factor (PlGF), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), activin A, endothelial growth factor (VEGF), soluble variant of VEGF receptor-1 (sFlt-1), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were analyzed in serum of 24 women with adverse outcomes of the first-trimester pregnancies complicated by threatened abortion (group I). Results were compared with the corresponding levels of 35 women with successful results of first-trimester complicated pregnancies (group II) and 26 women with first-trimester uncomplicated pregnancy (group III). We did not find out significant differences in the levels of IL-2, IL-6 and activin A levels between all groups. Serum TNF-α levels in group II were significantly lower compared with group III. It was revealed sFlt-1 levels were approximately two-fold higher in the control group as opposed to those found in other observed groups. In collating with group III, VEGF and CRH levels were significantly lower in group II and higher in group I. The PIGF levels were significantly lower in groups I and II, compared with group III. In first-trimester pregnancies complicated by threatened abortion with adverse outcome, alteration of maternal angiogenic factors, TNF-α and CRH levels, compared to first-trimester uncomplicated pregnancy and the first-trimester pregnancies complicated by threatened abortion with a successful outcome, is relevant to the missed abortion occurrence.

Download

References:
1. Macklon N. S., Geraedts J. P., Fauser B. C. Conception to ongoing pregnancy: the ‘black box’ of early pregnancy loss. Hum Reprod Update. 2002;8:333-343.
2. Jauniaux E., Hempstock J., Greenwold N., Burton G. J. Trophoblastic oxidative stress in relation to temporal and regional differences in maternal placental blood flow in normal and abnormal early pregnancies. Am J Pathol. 2003;162:115e25.
3. Jauniaux E., Burton G. J. Pathophysiology of histological changes in early pregnancy loss. Placenta. 2005;26:114-123.
4. Maynard S. E., Min J., Merchan J., Lim K. H., Li J. et al. Excess placental soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sflt-1) may contribute to endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and proteinuria in preeclampsia. J Clin Invest. 2003;111:649-658.
5. Plaisier M., Rodrigues S., Willems F., Koolwijk P., van Hinsbergh V. W. et al. Different degrees of vascularization and their relation to the expression of VEGF, PlGF, angiopoietins and their receptors in first-trimester decidua. Fertil Steril. 2007;88:176-187.
6. Chaouat G., Dubanchet S., Ledee N. Cytokines: Important for implantation? J Assist Reprod Genet 2007;24:491-505.
7. Gargano J. W., Holzman С., Senagore P., Thorsen P., Skogstrand K. et al. Mid-pregnancy circulating cytokine levels, histologic chorioamnionitis and spontaneous preterm birth. J Reprod Immunol. 2008;79:100-110.
8. Vitoratos N., Papadias C., Economou E., Makrakis E., Panoulis C. et al. Elevated сirculating IL-1β and TNF-аlpha, and unaltered IL-6 in first-trimester pregnancies complicated by threatened abortion with an adverse outcome. Mediators of Inflammation. 2006; Article ID 30485:1-6.
9. Florio P., Severi F. M., Bocchi C., Luisi S., Mazzini M. et al. Single serum activin a testing to predict ectopic pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92:1748-1753.
10. Minas V., Jeschke U., Kalantaridou S.N., Richter D.U., Reimer T. et al. Abortion is associated with increased expression of FasL in decidual leukocytes and apoptosis of extravillous trophoblasts: a role for CRH and urocortin. Molecular Human Reproduction 2007;13:9:663-673.
11. Zenclussen A. C., Blois S., Stumpo R., Olmos S., Arias K. et al. Murine abortion is associated with enhanced interleukin-6 levels at the feto–maternal interface. Cytokine. 2003;24:150-160.
12. Raghupathy R., Makhseed M., Azizieh F., Hassan N., Al-Azemi M. et al. Maternal Th1- and Th2-type reactivity to placental antigens in normal human pregnancy and unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortions. Cell Immunol. 1999;196:122-130.
13. Makrigiannakis A., Minas V., Kalantaridou S. N., Nikas G., Chrousos G. P. Hormonal and cytokine regulation of early implantation. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2006;17:178-185.
14. Von Linsingen R., Bompeixe E. P., Bicalho Mda G. A case-control study in IL6 and TGFB1 gene polymorphisms and recurrent spontaneous abortion in southern Brazilian patients. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology. 2005;53(2):94-99.
15. Daher S., de Arruda Geraldes Denardi K., Blotta M. H. Cytokines in recurrent pregnancy loss. Journal of Reproductive Immunology. 2004;62(1-2):151-157.
16. Gucer F., Balkanli-Kaplan P., Yuksel M., Sayin N. C., Yuce M. A. et al. Maternal serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-2 receptor in threatened abortion: a comparison with normal and pathologic pregnancies. Fertility and Sterility. 2001;76(4):707-711.
17. Keelan J. A., Zhou R. L., Evans L.W., Groome N. P., Mitchell M. D. Regulation of activin A, inhibin A, and follistatin production in human amnion and choriodecidualexplants by inflammatory mediators. J Soc Gynecol Investig 2000;7(5):291-296.
18. Segerer S. E., Müller N., van den Brandt J., Kapp M., Dietl J., Reichardt H. M. et al. The glycoprotein-hormones activin A and inhibin A interfere with dendritic cell maturation. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 2008;6:17.
19. Zygmunt M., Herr F., Munstedt K., Lang U., Liang O. D. Angiogenesis and vasculogenesis in pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2003;110:S10-S18.
20. Zhang E. G., Smith S. K., Baker P. N., Charnock-Jones D. S. The regulation and localization of angiopoietin-1, -2, and their receptor Tie2 in normal and pathologic human placentae. Mol Med. 2001;7:624-635.
21. Plaiser M., Dennert I., Rost E., Koolwijk P., van Hinsbergh V. W. et al. Decidual vascularization and the expression of angiogenic growth factors and proteases in first trimester spontaneous abortions. Human reproduction. 2009;24:1:185-197.
22. Gravanis A., Margioris A. N. The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family of neuropeptides in inflammation: potential therapeutic applications. Curr Med Chem. 2005;12:1503-1512.
23. Kalantaridou S. N., Makrigiannakis A., Zoumakis E., Chrousos G. P. Stress and the female reproductive system. J Reprod Immunol. 2004;62:61-68.
24. Makrigiannakis A., Zoumakis E., Kalantaridou S., Coutifaris C., Margioris A. N. et al. Corticotropin-releasing hormone promotes blastocyst implantation and early maternal tolerance. Nat Immunol. 2001;2:1018-1024.
25. Bamberger C. M., Minas V., Bamberger A. M., Charalampopoulos I., Fragouli Y. et al. Expression of urocortin in the extravillous human trophoblast at the implantation site. Placenta. 2007;28:127-132.

Keywords: missed abortion, cytokines, angiogenic factors, hormons