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Diagnostic potential of early forms of oral tumors: analysis of epigenetic markers
[Reviews]
Ildar Akhmetovich Uzyanbaev; Tatyana Nikolaevna Belova; Lyudmila Viktorovna Spirina; Sergey Sirak; Gregory Petrosyan; Evgeny Shchetinin;
This work offers a comprehensive analysis of the role that epigenetic changes play as potential markers of the early stages of tumor transformation of oral cavity cells.
There is a discussion of epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and changes in the non-coding RNAs expression, all of which play a crucial role in tumor transformation of cells at the early stages of oncogene activation, and in a decreasing activity of TSGs.
Specific and multidirectional changes in epigenetic control can be potentially employed as oral cancer diagnostic biomarkers. Proof to the latter can be found in the fact that DNMT and HDAC inhibitors are involved in the reactivation of TSGs as well as in the suppression of oncogenes, ensuring therapeutic effects of the respective measures taken in case of oral cancer. New technological advances create conditions for developing specialized technological and stratification tests and maps, as well as standard operating procedures for molecular & genetic examination of certain categories of patients, which – if coupled with the AI potential and that of bioinformatics – might allow analyzing the profiles of epigenetic changes and forecast the potential course of oral cancer progress, both under predisposing conditions and without such.
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Keywords: epigenetic markers, oral cancer, DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNAs
Founders:
Stavropol State Medical Academy
Pyatigorsk State Research Institute of Balneotherapeutics
Pyatigorsk State Pharmaceutical Academy