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SARS-CoV-2 and the thyroid gland – an experimental study of cell and tissue responses

[Experimental medicine]
Oleg Robertovich Khabarov; Evgeniya Yurievna Zyablitskaya; Tatiana Pavlovna Makalish; Elvina Refatovna Asanova; Anatoly Vladimirovich Kubyshkin;

Coronavirus causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) triggers autoimmune cross-responses in thyroid tissues, which is due to antigenic mimicry and cytokine storm. This article offers a view at the results of morphological and immunohistochemical studies of the thyroid gland in an experiment carried out with Syrian hamsters infected with SARS-CoV-2. There were effects of a mild form of the disease studied, which were to be observed within the period of 5–30 days. The most significant differences were to be noted on Day 10; such differences reflect changes in the processes of the cell cycle, angiogenesis and the extracellular matrix rearrangements. There were processes observed such as activated angiogenesis, decreasing or wave like changes in the matrix metalloproteinases expression in thyrocytes, activated expression of cyclin D1 and a proapoptotic factor, as well as reduced activity of the pro-oncogenic protein p53. In females, there was an increase in the activity of macrophages and B-lymphocytes identified on Day 10, whereas in males, the number of macrophages, plasma cells and T-helpers increased on Day 5. On Day 30, the number of activated T- and B-cells in convalescents was found to exceed the control, which points at an active, long-lasting immune inflammatory response.

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Keywords: thyroid gland, pathological physiology, histological structure, SARS-CoV-2 virus, autoimmune thyroiditis


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