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https://doi.org/10.14300/mnnc.2024.19038

Dependence of the size and number of silver nanoparticles on the ligand concentration in the reaction system

[Experimental medicine]
Ilya Bykov; Vadim Vladimirovich Malyshko; Denis Igorevich Shashkov; Arkady Viktorovich Moiseev; Alexander Basov; Mikhail Evgenevich Sokolov; Ivan Pavlyuchenko; Elena Evgenevna Esaulenko;

Technologies focusing on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are of high relevance within experimental and practical medicine, which can be accounted for by their antibacterial, antiviral, and fungicidal properties, as well as by their capacity to reveal particular antitumor activity, constitute a substantial part of several medical devices and diagnostic consumables. This study shows the effect caused by different ligand concentrations (polyvinylpyrrolidone / PVP) within the reaction system on the size and number of AgNPs obtained through cavitation-diffusion photochemical reduction. Lowering contents of the ligand (PVP) – going from 20 mg to 5 mg – have been proven to be associated with the development of mostly relatively larger nanoparticles (30+ nm of diameter). During that, a less significant decrease in the ligand used for the synthesis (within 25 % of its maximum concentration), too, leads to an increase in the number of smaller nanoparticles (under 15 nm), as well as in the AgNPs of average size (ranging from 15 to 30 nm). The results obtained through this study suggest that PVP may act not only as a stabilizing agent but also as a surfactant capable of stimulating the growth of silver nanoparticles while accelerating the rate of the Ag+ ion reduction reaction low-energy excitation. Generally speaking, the developed approach to AgNPs synthesis may help obtain solutions featuring a significant, reliable predominance of nanoparticles of a specific size, depending on their further use in various medical research and technology areas.

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Keywords: silver nanoparticles, experimental medicine, ligand, nanoparticle synthesis, polyvinylpyrrolidone