• Main page
• About the journal
• Editorial board
• Subscription
• Information for contributors
• Editorial and Peer Review
• Issues archive
• Authors
• Articles
  • By alphabet
  • By category
• Blogs and comments

The journal is included into The list of leading scientific periodicals.

The journal is included into VINITI database and is registered in Electronic scientific library.

The journal is indexed by SCOPUS, Ulrich's International Periodicals Directory.

EBSCO

https://doi.org/10.14300/mnnc.2023.18101

The effect of electronic cigarettes on the oral microbiome and antibacterial properties of saliva

[Reviews]
Inessa Gennadievna Romanenko; Irina Valerievna Gorobets; Svetlana Mikhailovna Gorobets; Svetlana Anatolyevna Bobkova; Andrey Alexandrovich  Jerelei; Olga Valeryevna Gorobets;

Electronic cigarettes have already become a popular alternative to traditional smoking, especially among young people. Numerous studies have determined that electronic cigarettes have an impact on the body as a whole and on the dental status as well. Analysis of scientific data indicates that e-cigarette aerosols can potentially disrupt the composition of the oral microbiome, inhibiting the growth of commensals, while simultaneously enhancing the formation of biofilm of the opportunistic microorganism Streptococcus mutans, contributing to colonization of the oral cavity by Candida albicans bacteria. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Prevotella intermedia, which are the main periodontopathogens, were identified in the subgingival biofilm of e-cigarette smokers. Changes in the ecosystem of the oral cavity, in the antibacterial properties of saliva, a decrease in the level of secretory immunoglobulin, lactoferrin, lysozyme, an increase in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines contribute to the development of dental diseases.

Download

References:
1. Adjani I. N., Perez M., Crotty Alexander L. E. E-liquids and vaping devices: public policy regarding their effects on young people and health. Med. J. Aust. 2022;216(1):23-24. https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.51362
2. Gentzke A. S., Creamer M., Cullen K. A., Ambrose B. K., Willis G. [et al.]. Vital signs: tobacco product use among Middle and high school students – United States, 2011–2018. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 2019;68:157. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6806e1
3. Novoselova E. N. Fight against smoking as a factor of healthy lifestyle. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 18. Sotsiologiya i politologiya. – Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science. 2019;25(4):309-324. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.24290/1029-3736-2019-25-4-309-324
4. Williams M., Talbot P. Design Features in Multiple Generations of Electronic Cigarette Atomizers. Int. J. Environmental Res. Public Health. 2019;16(16):2904. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162904
5. Peace M. R., Mulder H. A., Baird T. R., Butler K. E. Evaluation of Nicotine and the Components of e-Liquids Generated from e-Cigarette Aerosols. J. Anal. Toxicol. 2018;(42):537-543. https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bky056
6. Yablonskiy P. K., Sukhovskaya О. A., Smirnova М. A. Тoxic components of vape aerosol. Meditsinsky alyans. – Medical Alliance. 2023;11(1):105-110. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.36422/23076348-2023-11-1-105-110
7. Osipov D. A. Place of electronic nicotine delivery systems in the therapy of nicotine dependence: a modern look at the problem Vestnik sovremennoj klinicheskoj mediciny. – Bulletin of modern clinical medicine. 2018;11(2):46-50. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.20969/VSKM.2018.11(2).46-50
8. Banga B. Global E-Cigarette and T-Vapor Market to Reach $86.43 Billion by 2025, Reports BIS Research. Available at: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/global-e-cigarette-and-t-vapor-market-to-reach-8643-billion-by-2025-reports-bis-research-675808803.html. Accessed February 7, 2019.
9. Gaur S., Agnihotri R. Health Effects of Trace Metals in Electronic Cigarette Aerosols A Systematic Review. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 2018;188:295-315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-018-1423-x
10. Williams M., Bozhilov K., Ghai S., Talbot P. Elements including metals in the atomizer and aerosol of disposable electronic cigarettes and electronic hookahs. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(4):1-24. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175430
11. Behar R. Z., Luo W., McWhirter K. J., Pankow J. F., Talbot P. Analytical and toxicological evaluation of flavor chemicals in electronic cigarette refill fluids. Sci. Rep. 2018;8(1):8288. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-25575-6
12. Vora M. V., Chaffee B. W. Tobacco-use patterns and self-reported oral health outcomes. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 2019;150(5):332-344.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2018.12.004
13. Javed F., Kellesarian S. V., Sundar I. K., Romanos G. E., Rahman I. Recent updates on electronic cigarette aerosol and inhaled nicotine effects on periodontal and pulmonary tissues. Oral Dis. 2017;23(8):1052-1057. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.12652
14. Kaladze Nat. N., Gorobets I. V., Gorobets S. M., Romanenko I. G., Dzhereley А. А. [et al.]. Analysis of the influence of electronic cigarettes (wapes) on dental status. Krymskij terapevticheskij zhurnal. – Crimean therapeutic journal. 2020;3:74-79. (In Russ.).
15. Yang I., Sandeep S., Rodriguez J. The oral health impact of electronic cigarette use: A systematic review. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 2020;50(2):97-127. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408444.2020.1713726
16. Akinkugbe A. A. Cigarettes, E-cigarettes, and Adolescents’ Oral Health: Findings from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. JDR Clin. Transl. Res. 2019;4(3):276-283. https://doi.org/10.1177/2380084418806870
17. Yamashita Y., Takeshita T. The oral microbiome and human health. J. Oral Sci. 2017;59:201-206. https://doi.org/10.2334/josnusd.16-0856
18. Kim S. A., Smith S., Beauchamp C., Song Y., Chiang M. [et al.]. Cariogenic potential of sweet flavors in electronic-cigarette liquids. PLoS One. 2018;13(9):e0203717. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203717
19. Alanazi H., Semlali A., Chmielewski W., Rouabhia M. E-cigarettes increase Candida albicans growth and modulate its interaction with gingival epithelial cells. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2019;16(2):294. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020294
20. Haghighi F., Andriasian L., Tran N. C., Lux R. Effect of Cigarette and E-Cigarette Smoke Condensates on Candida albicans Biofilm Formation and Gene Expression. Int. J. Environ Res. Public Health. 2022;19(8):4626. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084626
21. Alzayer Y. M., Gomez G. F., Eckert G. J., Levon J. A., Gregory R. L. The Impact of Nicotine and Cigarette Smoke Condensate on Metabolic Activity and Biofilm Formation of Candida albicans on Acrylic Denture Material. J. Prosthodont. 2020;29(2):173-178. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopr.12945
22. Bardellini E., Amadori F., Conti G., Majorana A. Oral mucosal lesions in electronic cigarettes consumers versus former smokers. Acta Odontologica Scand. 2018;76(3):226-228. https://doi.org/10.1080/00016357.2017.1406613
23. Mokeem S., Abduljabbar T., Al-Kheraif A., Alasqah M., Michelogiannakis D. [et al.]. Oral Candida carriage among cigarette-and waterpipe-smokers, and electronic-cigarette users. Oral Diseases. 2019;25(1):319-326. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.12902
24. Akram Z., Al-Kheraif A. A., Kellesarian S. V., Vohra F.,Javed F. Comparison of oral Candida carriage in waterpipe smokers, cigarette smokers, and non-smokers. J. Oral Sci. 2018;60(1):115-120. https://doi.org/10.2334/josnusd.17-0090
25. Chopyk J., Bojanowski C. M., Shin J., Moshesky A., Fuentes A. L. [et al.]. Compositional differences in the oral microbiome of E-cigarette users. Front. Microbiol. 2021;12:599664. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.599664
26. Kumar P., Clark P., Brinkman M., Saxena D. Novel nicotine delivery systems. Adv. Dental Res. 2019;30(1):11-15. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034519872475
27. El-Ezmerli N. F., Gregory R. L. Effect of nicotine on biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans isolates from smoking and non-smoking subjects. J. Оral Мicrobiol. 2019;11(1):1662275. https://doi.org/10.1080/20002297.2019.1662275
28. Catala-Valentin A., Bernard J. N., Caldwell M., Maxson J., Moore S. D., Andl C. D. E-Cigarette Aerosol Exposure Favors the Growth and Colonization of Oral Streptococcus mutans Compared to Commensal Streptococci. Microbiol. Spectr. 2022;10(2):e0242121. https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02421-21
29. Pushalkar S., Paul B., Li Q., Yang J., Vasconcelos R. [et al.]. Electronic cigarette aerosol modulates the oral microbiome and increases risk of infection. Science. 2020;23(3):100884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.100884
30. Thomas S. C., Xu F., Pushalkar S., Lin Z., Thakor N. [et al.]. Electronic Cigarette Use Promotes a Unique Periodontal Microbiome. mBio. 2022;13(1):e0007522. https://doi.org/10.1128%2Fmbio.00075-22
31. Bagale K., Paudel S., Cagle H., Sigel E., Kulkarni R. Electronic cigarette (E-cigarette) vapor exposure alters the Streptococcus pneumoniae transcriptome in a nicotine-dependent manner without affecting pneumococcal virulence. Appl. Environ Microbiol. 2020;86(3):e02125-19. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.02125-19
32. Ganesan S. M., Dabdoub S. M., Nagaraja H. N., Scott M. L., Pamulapati S. [et al.]. Adverse effects of electronic cigarettes on the disease-naive oral microbiome. Sci. Adv. 2020;6(22):eaaz0108. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz0108
33. Cichońska D., Kusiak A., Piechowicz L., Świetlik D. A pilot investigation into the influence of electronic cigarettes on oral bacteria. Postepy Dermatol. Alergol. 2021;38(6):1092-1098. https://doi.org/10.5114%2Fada.2020.100335
34. Jeong W., Choi D. W., Kim Y. K., Lee H. J., Lee S. A. [et al.]. Associations of electronic and conventional cigarette use with periodontal disease in South Korean adults. J. Periodontol. 2020;91(1):55-64. https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.19-0060
35. Kanmaz B., Lappin D. F., Nile C. J., Buduneli N. Effects of smoking on non-surgical periodontal therapy in patients with periodontitis stage III or IV, and grade C. J. Periodontol. 2020;91(4):442-453. https://doi.org/10.1002/jper.19-0141
36. Chigasaki O., Aoyama N., Sasaki Y., Takeuchi Y., Mizutani K. [et al.]. Porphyromonas gingivalis, the most influential pathogen in red-complex bacteria: A cross-sectional study on the relationship between bacterial count and clinical periodontal status in Japan. J. Periodontol. 2021;92(12):1719-1729. https://doi.org/10.1002/jper.21-0011
37. Aldakheel F. M., Alduraywish S. A., Jhugroo P., Jhugroo C., Divakar D. D. Quantification of pathogenic bacteria in the subgingival oral biofilm samples collected from cigarette-smokers, individuals using electronic nicotine delivery systems and non-smokers with and without periodontitis. Arch. Oral Biology. 2020;117:104793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104793
38. Cichońska D., Kusiak A., Kochańska B., Ochocińska J., Świetlik D. Influence of electronic cigarettes on selected antibacterial properties of saliva. Int. J. Environ Res. Public Health. 2019;16(22):4433. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224433
39. Cichońska D., Kusiak A., Kochańska B., Ochocińska J., Świetlik D. Influence of Electronic Cigarettes on Selected Physicochemical Properties of Saliva. Int. J. Environ Res. Public Health. 2022;19(6):3314. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063314
40. Guo J., Hecht S. S. DNA damage in human oral cells induced by use of e-cigarettes. Drug Test. Anal. 2022;1-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.3375
41. Wilson C., Tellez Freitas C. M., Awan K. H., Ajdaharian J., Geiler J., Thirucenthilvelan P. Adverse effects of E-cigarettes on head, neck, and oral cells: A systematic review. J. Oral Pathol. Med. 2022;51(2):113-125. https://doi.org/10.1111/jop.13273

Keywords: e-cigarettes, microbiome, saliva