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Ultrasound anatomy of head and maxillofacial region in the intermediate fetal period of human ontogenesis

[Morphology]
Elena Dmitrievna Lutsay; Svetlana Igorevna Naydenova; Anastasia Neprokina; Lidia Sergeevna Kirksova; Igor Vladimirovich Astafiev; Alexey Sarenko;

The lifetime researches of the fetal anatomy of head and maxillofacial region are becoming popular with the development of perinatal medicine. The aim of the study was to describe the development features and quantitative characteristics of head and some anatomical structures of the fetus maxillofacial region in the intermediate fetal period of human ontogenesis using the ultrasound method. To achieve this goal, 60 fetuses of normal pregnancy at the age of 14–27 weeks of human prenatal ontogenesis, divided into three age groups: the first – from 14 to 18 weeks, the second – from 19 to 23 weeks, and the third – from 24 to 27 weeks, were studied. In the intermediate fetal period, within the three groups studied, uniform growth of medullary skull and heterochronic growth of eye socket, pyriform aperture, and mandible were detected. It is noted that the active growth of eye socket, pyriform aperture, and mandible happens from the first period to the second one. The growth rates of their sizes are 27.5 %, 37.9 % and 61.5 %, respectively. There were no significant sexual differences in sizes of the maxillofacial region, but there was a tendency towards preponderance of all sizes in male fetuses within the entire intermediate fetal period of human ontogenesis. Also, there were no significant bilateral differences in sizes of some anatomical structures of the maxillofacial region, but there was a tendency for bilateral differences to prevail in the mandible sizes, that was due to its ontogenesis. For the first, second, and third age groups, the length of the mandible alveolar arch on the left prevailed over the right ones by 10.3 %, 5.3 %, and 6.1 %, respectively.

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Keywords: anatomy, ontogenesis, intermediate fetal period, maxillofacial region, ultrasound scanning


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